ONENESS OF GOD
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Exodus 20:3, Deuteronomy 6:4, Isaiah 43:11, Isaiah 45:5, 46:9 and Quran Surah Ikhlas chapter 112 clearly showing that both Tanakh and Quran are similar in their teachings regarding the concept and oneness of God. So much so that the wordings are also identical. Besides this Judaism and Quran also condemn idol worship almost in the same wordings as is clear from Exodus 20:3-5 and Quran Surah Nisa 4:48
You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make for yourself an image in the form of anything in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below. You shall not bow down to them or worship them…..Exodus 20:3-5
Lo! Allah forgiveth not that a partner should be ascribed unto Him. He forgiveth (all) save that to whom He will. Whoso ascribeth partners to Allah, he hath indeed invented a tremendous sin. Surah Nisa 4:48
TANAKH
ONENESS OF GODYou shall have no other gods before me. Exodus 20:3
Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one. Deut 6:4
I, even I, am the LORD, and apart from me there is no savior. Isaiah 43:11
I am the Lord, and there is no other; apart from me there is no God. Isaiah 45:5
I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is none like me. Isaiah 46:9
QURAN
ONENESS OF GODSay, “He is God, the One. God, the Absolute. He begets not, nor was He begotten. And there is none comparable to Him. Surah Ikhlas 112:1-4
ATTRIBUTES OF GOD
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Pslam 121:3-4, Pslam 139:7-12, and Quran Surat Baqarah 2:255 and Surah Hadid 57:1-6 clearly show that both Tanakh and Quran are similar in telling the various Attributes of God from Omniscient to Omnipresent to Omnipotence all attributes look identical in both Tanakh and Quran.
TANAKH
ATTRIBUTES OF GODHe(God) will not let your foot slip- he who watches over you will not slumber; indeed, he who watches over Israel will neither slumber nor sleep. Psalm 121:3-4
Where can I go from your Spirit: Where can I flee from your presence? If I go up to the heavens, you are there; if I settle on the far side of the sea, even there your hand will guide me, your right hand will hold me fast. If I say, “Surely the darkness will hide me and the light become night around me,” even the darkness will not be dark to you; the night will shine like the day for darkness is as light to you. Psalm 139:7-12
QURAN
ATTRIBUTES OF GODAllah! There is no god except He, the Living, the Everlasting. Neither slumber overtakes Him, nor sleep. Baqarah 2:255
Glorifying God is everything in the heavens and the earth. He is the Almighty, the Wise. To Him belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth. He gives life and causes death, and He has power over all things. He is the First and the Last, and the Outer and the Inner, and He has knowledge of all things. He knows what penetrates into the earth, and what comes out of it, and what descends from the sky, and what ascends to it. He merges the night into the day, and He merges the day into the night; and He knows what is in the breasts. Hadid 57:1-4, 6
CREATION OF UNIVERSE
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Exodus 20:11, Genesis 1:2, Genesis 1:6-10 and Quran Surah Hadid 57:4, Surah Hud 11:7 and Surah Anbiya 21:30-32 clearly show the divine origin of both Tanakh and Quran and the similarity in the narrative related to the creation of this whole Universe, heavens and Earth. The Astonishing similarity is where we find that both Heaven and earth were joint entity and then later God parted them into two as is clear in Genesis 1:6-10 and in Quran Anbiya 21:30-32. Further it also shows that before this separation Heavens and Earth were in the form of water, liquid or fluid. This is also in agreement with the modern science. There are some differences in creation account between Tanakh, Quran and Modern science which I will discuss later in my Programs.
For in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them. Exdous 20:11
Now the earth was formless and empty…. the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters. Genesis 1:2
And God said, “Let there be a vault between the waters to separate water from water.” So God made the vault and separated the water under the vault from the water above it. (The above part is Heaven and the lower part of water is Land). Genesis 1:6-10
QURAN
CREATION OF UNIVERSEIt is He who created the heavens and the earth in six days, then settled over the Throne. Hadid 57:4
…And His Throne was upon the waters. Hud 11:7
Do the disbelievers not see that the heavens and the earth were one mass, and We tore them apart? And We made from water every living thing. Will they not believe? … And We placed on earth stabilizers, lest it sways with them…And We made the sky a protected ceiling. Anbiya 21:30-32
CREATION OF MAN
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You can see the first two points i.e creation of physical body of Man from clay and blowing of spirit/soul in him are almost identical in the Tanakh and Quran, as is evident from Genesis 2:7 and Quran Surah Hijr 15:26 and Surah Sajdah 32:9. The next two points in Tanakh section: Creation of woman from Man’s rib and Creation of Man in God’s image are not in agreement with the Quran. For Creation of Woman, although the Quran says that she was created from Man but Quran does not mention the exact manner of her creation. As for creation of Man in God’s image Quran is very specific that there is none like God. But if we search the secondary source of Islamic texts the traditions, hadiths (sayings of Prophet) then we find the exact similarity with that of Tanakh. As in Bukhari 6227 Book 79, Hadith 1 Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, “Allah created Adam in His picture,……….So whoever will enter Paradise, will be of the shape and picture of Adam.
And as in Muslim Hadith Muslim (2612)
narrated that Abu Hurayrah said: The Messenger of Allah said: “When any one of you fights his brother, let him avoid the face, for Allah created Adam in His image.”
There can be two interpretations of this. First one is that the pronoun “his” can be interpreted as referring back to Adam/“brother” in first and second hadith respectively and not to “Allah”. In the case of first hadith it means that God created Adam in his(Adam’s) own image in his own “Mold” “A unique Mold” that Adam is unique and different from any other creation of this Universe and in second hadith it may mean that “When you fight your brother then avoid his face for Allah created Adam in his image i.e your brother is created in the image of Adam”
If we consider the pronoun referring to God then for both these Islamic traditions and Tanakh…. there could be two interpretations first is that Adam is a direct creation that did not take place through the passage of embryological stages and not begotten from anyone. And secondly (this is what my point of view and the most logical one that reconciles and not contradicts with Tanakh and Quran themselves and within their own content & context) the actual meaning of “image” is “reflection” that is Man is created with “attributes” that are a reflection of Gods Attributes, such as hearing, seeing, knowledge. These are also attributes of God, for He is All-Hearing, All-Seeing. Even the attribute of creation. Man creates things just as God although on a much smaller scale.
TANAKH
CREATION OF MANGod formed a man from the dust of the ground. Genesis 2:7
….and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being. Genesis 2:7
So the LORD God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep; and while he was sleeping, he took one of the man’s ribs and then closed up the place with flesh. Then the LORD God made a woman from the rib he had taken out of the man, and he brought her to the man. Genesis 2:21-22
God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them. Genesis 1:27
QURAN
CREATION OF MANAnd We did certainly create man out of clay from an altered black mud. Hijr 15:26
Then He proportioned him, and breathed into him of His Spirit. Sajdah 32:9
O mankind, fear your Lord, who created you from one soul and created from it its mate and dispersed from both of them many men and women. Nisa 4:1
…There is nothing like Him. Shura 42:11
And there is none comparable to Him. Ikhlas 112:4
ORIGINAL SIN & FALL OF MAN
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Genesis 2:17 and Quran Surah Baqarah 2:35 and Surah Araf 7:20 show that in the Tanakh God himself named the forbidden tree as the ‘Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil’ while in Quran the Forbidden Tree is not named by God but Devil/Satan called it a Tree of Eternity to deceive Adam and his wife. Genesis 3:4-5 and Quran Surah Araf 7:20 show that Tanakh says that it was Serpent who whispered and conspired against Adam & Eve while Quran say it was Devil/Satan. Genesis 3:6 and Surah Araf 7:22 show that as per Tanakh it was woman who disobeyed God and also made Man to ate from the Tree while as per Quran they both erred. In the forth section Genesis 3:14-19 and Quran Surah Araf 7:24 Tanakh says that all this pain, suffering, grief and death in this world is because of the curse of God while Quran says that God only ordered all of the characters of this drama to go down from that condition in which they were and no curse was issued. The toil of life on earth are what makes it different from life in paradise. Deuteronomy 24:16 and Quran Surah Anam 6:164 also in agreement that all people are sinless until they rebel against God. And no-one will bear the burden of another. Each person is answerable for himself alone and cannot blame it on Adam and Eve.
TANAKH
ORIGINAL SIN & FALL OF MANYou must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat from it you will certainly die. Genesis 2:17
The serpent said to the woman, “You will not die; for God knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil. Genesis 3:4-5
When the woman saw that the fruit of the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eye, and also desirable for gaining wisdom, she took some and ate it. She also gave some to her husband, who was with her, and he ate it. Genesis 3:6
God put curse on serpent, woman and Man: serpent has to crawl and eat dust, women have to suffer in childbirth, and men have to sweat for a living. in toil you shall eat of it all the days of your life. Genesis 3:14-19
Parents are not to be put to death for their children, nor children put to death for their parents; each will die for their own sin. Deut 24:16
QURAN
ORIGINAL SIN & FALL OF MANAnd We said, “O Adam, dwell, you and your wife, in Paradise and eat therefrom in [ease and] abundance from wherever you will. But do not approach this tree, lest you be among the wrongdoers. Baqarah 2:35
But Satan whispered to them to make apparent to them that which was concealed from them of their private parts. He said, “Your Lord did not forbid you this tree except that you become angels or become of the immortal.” Araf 7:20
So he made them fall, through deception. And when they tasted of the tree, their private parts became apparent to them. Araf 7:22
God said, “Descend, being to one another enemies. And for you on the earth is a place of settlement and enjoyment for a time.” Araf 7:24
…No person earns any (sin) except against himself (only), and no bearer of burdens shall bear the burden of another… Anam 6:164
NOAH/NUH
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Book of Genesis chapter 6 to 8 and Quran Surah Hud 11:40-44 clearly shows that Tanakh and Quran both are in agreement regarding the flood of Noah, but there are many differences In Tanakh and Quran Narratives concerning whether the flood was local or global and who boarded the Ark and where it rested. Tanakh says that Flood of Noah was a global catastrophe while in Quran there is no such indication that the flood was universal. Further, in Tanakh, all of Noah’s family, his wife his sons and wives of his sons all entered the Ark and were saved, and no one else outside Noah family entered other than animals. While as per Quran Noah’s wife and one of his sons didn’t believe him and died in flood, while some other faithful joined him and were saved.
Lastly as per Tanakh when the flood was over Noah’s Ark rested on the mountain range of Ararat as per Genesis 8:4 while as per Quran it rested on Mount Judi which we now know today that there is a Mount Al Judi in the present day Ararat mountain range in Turkey. So the Quran is more specific in that.
TANAKH
NOAH/NUHThis is the account of Noah and his family…..Noah had three sons: Shem, Ham and Japheth. Now the earth was corrupt in God’s sight and was full of violence…..God said to Noah, “I am going to put an end to all people, for the earth is filled with violence because of them. I am surely going to destroy both them and the earth…So make yourself an ark of cypress wood… Genesis 6:9-14
The LORD then said to Noah, “Go into the ark, you and your whole family,…Seven days from now I will send rain on the earth for forty days and forty nights…Noah was six hundred years old when the floodwaters came on the earth……Noah and his sons and his wife and his sons’ wives entered the ark to escape the waters of the flood…. rain fell on the earth forty days and forty nights….Noah and his sons, Shem, Ham and Japheth, together with his wife and the wives of his three sons, entered the ark….Every living thing that moved on land perished—birds, livestock, wild animals, all the creatures that swarm over the earth, and all mankind…..The waters flooded the earth for a hundred and fifty days. Genesis 7: 1-24
and on the seventeenth day of the seventh month the ark came to rest on the mountains of Ararat. Genesis 8:4
QURAN
NOAH/NUHABRAHAM’S SACRIFICE
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There are many differences In Tanakh and Quran Narratives regarding Abraham’s sacrifice of his son. First of all Tanakh clearly states that the son was Issac as in Genesis 22:2. While in Quran the name of son is not mentioned and Muslims have disputed views on this although majority believe that he was Ismail (Ishmael). Among those who think he was Issac there are traditions from Umar, Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib, Abdullah bin Abbas, Abdullah bin Masud, Abu Hurairah, Qatadah and Ikrimah.
But if we carefully read the Tanakh we come to know that the son was Ishmael as there are many reasons for that first of all there are contradictions in Tanakh as in Genesis 22:2 it says that Isaac was the only son while at other places Tanakh mentioned that Isaac was not the only son.
Now Sarai, Abram’s wife, had borne him no children. But she had an Egyptian slave named Hagar; so she said to Abram, “The LORD has kept me from having children. Go, sleep with my slave; perhaps I can build a family through her.” Abram agreed to what Sarai said. So after Abram had been living in Canaan ten years, Sarai his wife took her Egyptian slave Hagar and gave her to her husband to be his wife. He slept with Hagar, and she conceived. When she knew she was pregnant, she began to despise her mistress. Genesis 16:1-4
The angel of the LORD also said to her: “You are now pregnant and you will give birth to a son. You shall name him Ishmael,for the LORD has heard of your misery. Genesis 16:11
Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar bore him Ishmael. Genesis 16:16
God also said to Abraham, “As for Sarai your wife, you are no longer to call her Sarai; her name will be Sarah. I will bless her and will surely give you a son by her. I will bless her so that she will be the mother of nations; kings of peoples will come from her.” Abraham fell facedown; he laughed and said to himself, “Will a son be born to a man a hundred years old? Will Sarah bear a child at the age of ninety?” And Abraham said to God, “If only Ishmael might live under your blessing!” Then God said, “Yes, but your wife Sarah will bear you a son, and you will call him Isaac. I will establish my covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his descendants after him. And as for Ishmael, I have heard you: I will surely bless him; I will make him fruitful and will greatly increase his numbers. He will be the father of twelve rulers, and I will make him into a great nation. But my covenant I will establish with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you by this time next year.” When he had finished speaking with Abraham, God went up from him. On that very day Abraham took his son Ishmael and all those born in his household or bought with his money, every male in his household, and circumcised them, as God told him. Abraham was ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised, and his son Ishmael was thirteen; Genesis 17:15-25
Abraham was a hundred years old when his son Isaac was born to him. Genesis 21:5
From all this above contradiction of Tanakh/Torah is clear as Ishmael born first and that time Abraham was of 86 years old than when Isaac born Abraham was of 100 years old. Thus till 14 years Ishmael was the only son of Abraham and if he was asked to sacrifice his only son than it must be of Ishmael and if it was Isaac than he should not be mentioned as only son…thus the contradiction.
For those Muslims who are of the view that the son was Isaac they should consider the other verses of Quran like Surah Hud 11:71 where God gave Abraham and his wife good news of Isaac; and after Isaac, Jacob. If the son was Issac then Abraham already knew that his son would live long enough to have Jacob as per the tidings already given.
TANAKH
ABRAHAM'S SACRIFICEThen God said, “Take your son, your only son, whom you love—Isaac—and go to the region of Moriah. Sacrifice him there as a burnt offering……Isaac spoke up and said to his father Abraham, “Father?” “Yes, my son?” Abraham replied. “The fire and wood are here,” Isaac said, “but where is the lamb for the burnt offering?” Abraham answered, “God himself will provide the lamb for the burnt offering, my son.” And the two of them went on together……Abraham built an altar there and arranged the wood on it. He bound his son Isaac and laid him on the altar, on top of the wood. Then he reached out his hand and took the knife to slay his son. But the angel of the LORD called out to him from heaven, “Do not lay a hand on the boy,” he said. “Do not do anything to him. Now I know that you fear God, because you have not withheld from me your son, your only son.” Abraham looked up and there in a thicket he saw a ram caught by its horns. He went over and took the ram and sacrificed it as a burnt offering instead of his son…….I will surely bless you and make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and as the sand on the seashore. Your descendants will take possession of the cities of their enemies,…….. you have obeyed me.” Genesis 22:2-18
QURAN
ABRAHAM'S SACRIFICE“My Lord, give me one of the righteous.” So We gave him good news of a clement boy. Then, when he was old enough to accompany him, he said, “O My son, I see in a dream that I am sacrificing you; see what you think.” He said, “O my Father, do as you are commanded; you will find me, God willing, one of the steadfast.” Then, when they had submitted, and he put his forehead down. We called out to him, “O Abraham! You have fulfilled the vision.” Thus We reward the doers of good. This was certainly an evident test. And We redeemed him with a great sacrifice. And We left with him for later generations. Peace be upon Abraham. Thus We reward the doers of good. He was one of Our believing servants. And We gave him good news of Isaac, a prophet, one of the righteous.
LOT, HIS WIFE & DAUGHTERS
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Book of Genesis chapter 19:1-38 and Quran Surah Hud 11:77-83 clearly shows that Tanakh and Quran both are in agreement regarding the event of destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah and the sinful character of the people living there, their habit of homosexuality and blindness caused by Angels of God. But there are many differences also in Tanakh and Quran narratives concerning Prophethood of Lot who in Quran was described as a prophet, like his uncle Abraham while in Tanakh Genesis chapter 19 Lot is not described as a prophet. Further as per Tanakh Lot’s wife left the city with Lot but looked back and turned into a pillar of salt while in Quran there is no mention of that and only it is stated that her fate was among those in the city.
Lastly, Tanakh Torah Book of Genesis chapter 19:30-38 mentioned a severe thing and blamed Lot and his daughters of Incest. The Quran does not describe any such event, and Muslims collectively reject any such incident.
TANAKH
LOT, HIS WIFE & DAUGHTERSThe two angels arrived at Sodom……all the men from every part of the city of Sodom surrounded the house. They called to Lot…. Bring them out to us so that we can have sex with them.”….Lot said,… Look, I have two daughters who have never slept with a man. Let me bring them out to you,….all were struck with blindness so that they could not find the door…..Angels said Take your wife and your two daughters who are here, or you will be swept away when the city is punished.”…They grasped his hand and the hands of his wife and of his two daughters and led them safely out of the city,… “Flee for your lives! Don’t look back,…Then the LORD rained down burning sulfur on Sodom and Gomorrah….But Lot’s wife looked back, and she became a pillar of salt……Lot and his two daughters left Zoar and settled in the mountains,…One day the older daughter said to the younger, “Our father is old, and there is no man around here to give us children…That night they got their father to drink wine, and the older daughter went in and slept with him. He was not aware of it…..and other night the younger daughter went in and slept with him….both of Lot’s daughters became pregnant by their father. The older daughter had a son.. Moab ; he is the father of the Moabites of today. The younger..had a son..Ben-Ammi ; he is the father of the Ammonites of today. Genesis 19: 1-38
QURAN
LOT, HIS WIFE & DAUGHTERSAnd when Our envoys came to Lot,…his people came rushing towards him—they were in the habit of committing sins. He said, “O my people, these are my daughters; they are purer for you….They said, “You know well that we have no right to your daughters, and you know well what we want.”… They(Angels) said, “O Lot, we are the envoys of your Lord; they will not reach you. So set out with your family during the cover of the night, and let none of you look back, except for your wife. She will be struck by what will strike them….82 And when Our command came about, We turned it upside down, and We rained down on it stones of baked clay. Marked from your Lord, and never far from the wrongdoers. Surah Hud 11: 77-83
RESURRECTION & AFTERLIFE
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Quran is very clear on Death and Afterlife so much so that a major portion of Quran narrates each and every event that will happen after the Last Day in very fine detail. The Tanakh itself has very few references to life after death. Sheol, the depths of the earth, is described as the place of the dead, but in most instances, it seems to be more a metaphor than an actual place.
There is a Jewish joke that says that there is no Heaven or Hell, we all go to the same place when we die, where Moses and Rabbi Akiva give constant and everlasting classes on the Bible and the Talmud. For the righteous, this would be an eternal bliss, while for the wicked, this is eternal suffering.
The notion of resurrection appears in two or five biblical sources; Isaiah 25-26, Daniel 12:2 and as a miracle of Prophets of bringing dead to life as in 1 Kings 17:17-24, 2 Kings 4:32-37 and 2 Kings 13:21.
Though resurrection has an essential role in Jewish eschatology, as with Olam Ha Ba, Gehenna(sometimes called Gehinnom), and Gan Eden (Hebrew for the “Garden of Eden), Judaism does not have a definite answer to the question of what occurs after we die. Olam Ha Ba” means “the World to Come” in Hebrew and is an ancient rabbinic concept of the afterlife. It is usually compared to “Olam Ha Ze,” which means “this world” in Hebrew. For instance in Berakhot 17a: “In the World to Come there is no eating, or drinking nor procreation or commerce, nor jealousy, or enmity, or rivalry – but the righteous sit with crowns on their head and enjoy the radiance of the Shekhinah (Divine Presence).
Gehenna is not mentioned in the Torah and does not arrive in Jewish texts before the 6th century BC. There are some rabbinic texts that state that God created Gehenna on the second day of Creation (Genesis Rabbah 4:6, 11:9). Other texts say that Gehenna was part of God’s original plan for the universe and was created before the Earth (Pesahim 54a; Sifre Deuteronomy 37).
TANAKH
RESURRECTION & AFTERLIFEHe will swallow up death forever. The Sovereign LORD will wipe away the tears from all faces; he will remove his people’s disgrace from all the earth. The LORD has spoken. Isaiah 25:8
Multitudes who sleep in the dust of the earth will awake: some to everlasting life, others to shame and everlasting contempt. Daniel 12:2
QURAN
RESURRECTION & AFTERLIFEAnd they say, “When we have become bones and fragments, shall we really be resurrected as a new creation?”
Say, “Even if you become rocks or iron.
Or some substance, which, in your minds, is even harder.” Then they will say, “Who will restore us?” Say, “The One who originated you the first time.” Then they will nod their heads at you, and say, “When will it be?” Say, “Perhaps it will be soon.”
On the Day when He calls you, you will respond with His praise, and you will realize that you stayed only a little.
Surah Isra 17:49-52
RESPECT OF PARENTS
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You can see from box below that both Tanakh and Quran are in full agreement regarding the respect of the parents as clearly stated in Exodus 20:12, Leviticus 19:3, Deuteronomy 27:16, Proverbs 23:12 and Quran Surah Isra 17:23-24 and Surah Luqman 31:14. But There are verses in Tanakh Torah which are quite different from Quran as they take some extreme punishments for disobedience of parents as mentioned below:
If someone has a stubborn and rebellious son who does not obey his father and mother and will not listen to them when they discipline him, his father and mother shall take hold of him and bring him to the elders at the gate of his town. They shall say to the elders, “This son of ours is stubborn and rebellious. He will not obey us. He is a glutton and a drunkard.” Then all the men of his town are to stone him to death. You must purge the evil from among you. All Israel will hear of it and be afraid.
Deuteronomy 21:18-21
TANAKH
RESPECT OF PARENTSHonor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving you. Exodus 20:12
Each of you must respect his mother and father…. Leviticus 19:3
Cursed is anyone who dishonors their father or mother.” Then all the people shall say, “Amen! Deut 27:16
Listen to your father, who gave you life, and do not despise your mother when she is old. Proverbs 23:12
QURAN
RESPECT OF PARENTSYour Lord has commanded that you worship none but Him, and that you be good to your parents. If either of them or both of them reach old age with you, do not say to them a word of disrespect, nor scold them, but say to them kind words. And lower to them the wing of humility, out of mercy, and say, “My Lord, have mercy on them, as they raised me when I was a child. Isra 17:23-24
We have entrusted the human being with the care of his parents. His mother carried him through hardship upon hardship, weaning him in two years. So give thanks to Me, and to your parents. To Me is the destination. Luqman 31:14
MODESTY IN WOMEN DRESSING
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You can see from box below that both Tanakh and Quran are in full agreement regarding modest dressing of women as clearly stated in Deutoronomy 22:5, Proverbs 11:22, Proverbs 31:25, Proverbs 31:30 and Quran Surah Ahzab 33:59 and Surah Nur 24:31
In Judaism, Tzniut (a Hebrew word meaning modesty or privacy) describes Jewish laws related to conduct. In today’s times, especially in Orthodox Judaism the term has become more frequently used with regard to the rules of dress for women. Tzniut includes a group of Jewish laws related to the modesty of both dress and behavior.
Tzniut regarding dress is that a Jew should not dress in a way that attracts undue attention and is meant for both men and women to substantially cover their bodies, this primarily involves covering the elbows and knees.
Tzniut requires married women to cover their hair. The practice of covering hair with wigs is debated among halakhic authorities. Many authorities, including Rabbi Moshe Feinstein and the Lubavitcher Rebbe, actively encouraged it, while many other, especially Sephardi rabbis, forbid it.
Kol Isha:
In Judaism, men are usually not allowed to hear women sing; a prohibition called Kol Isha (literally “a woman’s voice”)
Yichud:
In Judaism, men and women who are not married to each other and are not immediate blood relatives are not allowed to enter into a secluded situation (yichud) in a room or in an area that is private.
TANAKH
MODESTY IN WOMEN DRESSINGA woman must not wear men’s clothing, nor a man wear women’s clothing, for the LORD your God detests anyone who does this. Deutoronomy 22:5
Like a gold ring in a pig’s snout is a beautiful woman who shows no discretion. Proverbs 11:22
She is clothed with strength and dignity….Proverbs 31:25
Charm is deceitful, and beauty is vain, but a woman who fears the Lord is to be praised. Proverbs 31:30
QURAN
MODESTY IN WOMEN DRESSINGO Prophet, tell your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers to bring down over themselves [part] of their outer garments. That is more suitable that they will be known and not be abused. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful. Ahzab 33:59
And tell the believing women to reduce [some] of their vision and guard their private parts and not expose their adornment except that which [necessarily] appears thereof and to wrap [a portion of] their headcovers over their chests and not expose their adornment except to their husbands, their fathers, their husbands’ fathers, their sons, their husbands’ sons, their brothers, their brothers’ sons, their sisters’ sons, their women, that which their right hands possess, or those male attendants having no physical desire, or children who are not yet aware of the private aspects of women. And let them not stamp their feet to make known what they conceal of their adornment. Nur 24:31
POLYGAMY
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Polygamy is the practice or custom of having more than one wife or husband at the same time i.e of marrying multiple spouses. When a woman is married to more than one husband at a time, it is called polyandry. When a man is married to more than one wife at a time, it is called polygyny. Polyandry is completely prohibited in Both Judaism and Islam while as for Polygyny Tanakh and Quran allow it. Several leading men in the Tanakh were polygamists. Abraham, Jacob, David, Solomon, and others all had multiple wives.
TANAKH
POLYGYNYDavid took more concubines and wives in Jerusalem, and more sons and daughters were born to him. 2 Samuel 5:13
If a man has two wives, and he loves one but not the other, and both bear him sons…. Deuteronomy 21:15
If he marries another woman, he must not deprive the first one of her food, clothing and marital rights. Exodus 21:10
He (Solomon) had seven hundred wives of royal birth and three hundred concubines. 1 Kings 11:3
QURAN
POLYGYNYIf you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with the orphans, marry women of your choice, two, or three, or four; but if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one or those your right hand possesses. That is more suitable that you may not incline [to injustice].
Surah Nisa 4:3
DIVORCE
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As you can see in the boxes below, it looks like that Tanakh and Quran agree in the matter of Divorce. Divorce is permitted in Judaism but highly discouraged. Also in Quran’s teachings divorce is permitted but highly discouraged and the option should only be exercised as a last resort. It is narrated that the Prophet Muhammad PBUH said: “The most hated of permissible things to Allah is divorce.”In Tanakh Nevi’im in Trei Asar, “The Twelve” Book of Malachi 2:16 its written that God hates divorce “For the man who does not love his wife but divorces her, says the LORD, the God of Israel covers his garment with violence…”
Moses allowed Divorce as mentioned below in Deuteronomy 24:1-4,
If a man marries a woman who becomes displeasing to him because he finds something indecent about her, and he writes her a certificate of divorce, gives it to her and sends her from his house, and if after she leaves his house she becomes the wife of another man, and her second husband dislikes her and writes her a certificate of divorce, gives it to her and sends her from his house, or if he dies, then her first husband, who divorced her, is not allowed to marry her again after she has been defiled. That would be detestable in the eyes of the LORD. Do not bring sin upon the land the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance.
TANAKH
DIVORCEIf a man marries a woman…..and if after she leaves his house she becomes the wife of another man, and her second husband dislikes her and writes her a certificate of divorce, gives ….is not allowed to marry her again after she has been defiled. Deuteronomy 24:1-4
And I saw that for all the adulteries of faithless Israel, I had sent her away and given her a writ of divorce, yet her treacherous sister Judah did not fear; but she went and was a harlot also. Jeremiah 3:8
This is what the LORD says: “Where is your mother’s certificate of divorce with which I sent her away?… Isaiah 50:1
The man who hates and divorces his wife,” says the LORD, the God of Israel, “does violence to the one he should protect. Malachi 2:16
QURAN
DIVORCEO Prophet! When any of you divorce women, divorce them during their period of purity and calculate their waiting period carefully. And have fear of Allah, your Lord. Do not evict them from their homes, nor should they leave, unless they commit an outright indecency. Those are Allah’s limits, and anyone who oversteps Allah’s limits has wronged himself. You never know, it may well be that after that Allah will cause a new situation to develop. Surah Talaq 65:1
Also as in Surah Baqarah 2:228-232, 236-237, 241, Surah Ahzab 33:49, And Surah Talaq 65:2-6
