Recitation of the Holy Scripture.

Do you not see that to God prostrates whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth and the sun, the moon, the stars, the mountains, the trees, the moving creatures and many of the people? It is He Who shows you His Signs and sends down provision for you from the sky. Yet none takes heed except he who constantly turns to God. 

End of Recitation of the Holy Scripture.

O humankind, I told you that these few programs are just to give you an idea of the various things various creation of your Lord around you and within yourselves. This will also help you later to understand the religious scriptures in a better way. Knowledge of science and understanding of cosmology is the first thing given to the thinking minds, then after that, God gives them wisdom, and lastly in case of prophets, scriptures or books. Observation of the universe and curiosity about all this around is the first thing with which every thinking mind, every chosen slave has been bestowed in his childhood and youth. It is that curiosity about the universe around them and how its running and the curiosity of whats going on earth, why we are here and why is there death and misery, that makes such people sensitive. I have already given you an idea of the vastness of the Kingdom of God around you. But this universe, this Kingdom of God, is only one out of many others, and the vastness of this is also just a limited idea of the observable part of it which has come under our knowledge.  

Now let me introduce you to different celestial bodies and phenomena happening in this Universe. I have already told you the concept of Light year and enormous distances in the universe in part 16.

Now as you know that our earth is a planet and our sun is a star which is one among billions of other stars in a galaxy we call MilkyWay. So Galaxies are clusters of stars. In which the number of stars ranges from less than ten million stars in Dwarf galaxies to a trillion stars in giant elliptical galaxies. More than 200 billion galaxies in the Observable universe. Most are 3300 to 330,000 Light years across. The universe is filled with only one atom per cubic meter, in other words, it is almost vacuum. MilkyWay has a diameter of 100,000LY, Thickness of 1000LY with nearly 100billion to 400billion stars in which the oldest stars are almost 13.2billion years of age. Our Sun’s distance to the core to the center of MilkyWay is 25,000LY and its rotational period around our galaxy is 225 million years. We have also divided galaxies into different body parts like Nucleus Bulge in the center, Halo and then the Spiral Arms. From earth when we look at Sagittarius we are looking at the center of our galaxy. Milky way has some dwarf Galaxies bounded to it by its gravity like Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy and Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy. They are Dwarf Elliptical galaxies. They contain about a billion stars and in the process of being consumed by Milky Way. Is this all designed, created, happening and running by its own. Nay, it is all by the Will and command of your Lord. So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny?

Now let me tell you something about the stars. Stars form inside dark, cold molecular clouds. Stars usually form in clusters from clouds found in the spiral arms of galaxies from Material called InterStellar Medium, which is mostly hydrogen neutral and ionized, helium, dust particles surrounded by frozen water & other stuff like carbon, nitrogen, etc. Stars usually form in giant molecular clouds 50-200 Light Year across which are very cold at 10 Kelvin, i.e.-263 celsius & have a density of  10-1000 atoms/cm3. To form a star this need to be shrunk down to increase the density by 10 power 20 times. Protostars are stars in the process of creation. The larger the mass of a Protostar the shorter the time it takes to contract & form a star. Our sun took almost 300million years. Size does matter may be everywhere else but not in the case of stars. Greater the mass of a star, less is its lifespan as a main sequence star and lesser the mass, more is the lifespan. Thus a star having a mass 40 times more than the mass of Sun has Main Sequence age of 1 million years and a star having a mass less than half of sun has an age of almost 200 billion years. Very low mass stars less than 0.08 of the mass of sun are never be able to reach temperatures in their cores to start burning hydrogen. They produce little energy only by gravitational collapse and are called Brown Dwarfs. 

Stars give light and heat through nuclear fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium in their dense core region. There are two known sets of fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium. Stars with mass like that of sun and less use the proton-proton chain reaction while Stars that are bigger than sun use CNO (carbon-nitrogen-oxygen) cycle. In nuclear bombs, the process we use is Fission and is different from Fusion which is happening in stars. Although in hydrogen bombs we use a combination of both to some extent. Both fission and fusion are nuclear processes by which atoms are altered to create energy. Fission is the division of one atom into two, and fusion is the joining of two lighter atoms into a larger one. Fission is used in nuclear power plants as it can be controlled, while fusion is not used to produce power since the reaction is not easily controlled and is expensive to create the needed conditions. So Fission is not as much difficult as fusion is. For fission if you get some uranium-235 and shoot a neutron at it, the uranium absorbs the neutron and becomes uranium-236. But, this uranium-236 is unstable and will break into pieces to give you energy. Plus it also creates extra neutrons to break apart even more uranium. This can also be done with plutonium and thorium.

On the other hand fusion in stars start because of the contraction of the mass towards the center of the star due to gravity. Gas and dust progress and the temperature reaches 15 million degrees while the pressure at the center of the star becomes enormous. The  electrons are torn off of their parent atoms, creating a plasma. The contraction proceeds and the nuclei in the plasma start moving faster and faster. Ultimately, they approach each other so fast that they overcome the electrical repulsion that exists between their protons. The nuclei crash into each other so hard that they unite together, or fuse. In doing so, they give off a great deal of energy. This energy from fusion flows out from the center, setting up an outward pressure in the gas around it that balances the inward pull of gravity. When the released energy reaches the outer layers of the ball of gas and dust, it moves off into space in the form of electromagnetic radiation and the star begins to shine.

During this stage of the star’s lifetime, it is located on the main sequence at a position determined mainly by its mass, but also based upon its chemical composition and other factors. All main-sequence stars are in hydrostatic equilibrium, where outward thermal pressure from the hot core is balanced by the inward pressure of gravitational collapse from the overlying layers. 

During their lives, stars fight the inward pull of the force of gravity. It is only the outward pressure created by the nuclear reactions pushing away from the star’s core that keeps the star intact, alive and burning. If it is not so the star would finish itself in few hours regardless of the amount of fuel and its size, just like a candle in our homes. This expansion and contraction of the star is actually its life, and if it stops, it will be like ending of the rhythm of breathing as in the living beings. O people your sun and stars actually breathe and their life depend on this. O mankind stars life is a continual competition between gravitational collapse inward and gas pressure radiating & pushing outward causing expansion. Collapsing causes the star to heat up, and expansion makes the star to cool down. Hydrostatic equilibrium occurs when the two conditions are equal & opposite. Is this all designed, created, happening and running by its own. Nay, it is all by the Will and command of your Lord. So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny?

O people stars breathe like this, and these are the two breaths of hell or fire that is mentioned in some religious scriptures. This is what related to a saying of prophet Muhammad in Book of Bukhari item # 536-537 where he said that God told him that hell had been allowed breathing by God.

قَالَ رسول الله ” إِذَا اشْتَدَّ الْحَرُّ فَأَبْرِدُوا بِالصَّلاَةِ، فَإِنَّ شِدَّةَ الْحَرِّ مِنْ فَيْحِ جَهَنَّمَ “. ” وَاشْتَكَتِالنَّارُ إِلَى رَبِّهَا فَقَالَتْ يَا رَبِّ أَكَلَ بَعْضِي بَعْضًا. فَأَذِنَ لَهَا بِنَفَسَيْنِ نَفَسٍ فِي الشِّتَاءِ، وَنَفَسٍ فِي الصَّيْفِ،

فَهُوَ أَشَدُّ مَا تَجِدُونَ مِنَ الْحَرِّ، وَأَشَدُّ مَا تَجِدُونَ مِنَ الزَّمْهَرِيرِ “

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “In very hot weather delay the prayer till it becomes (a bit) cooler because the severity of heat is from the raging of the Hell-fire. The Hell-fire of Hell complained to its Lord saying: O Lord! My parts are eating (destroying) one another. So God allowed it to take two breaths, one in the winter and the other in the summer. The breath in the summer is at the time when you feel the severest heat, and the breath in the winter is at the time when you feel the severest cold.”

This is also one among many other things Muslims totally misunderstood. O Muslims why there has not born among you someone since centuries who could explain to you all this. Although this particular hadeeth is related to modern science, but there are thousands of other issues in your religion about which whatever you say but the reality is that you have no satisfactory answers for that. It is because of lack of knowledge and wisdom in your communities because your religious clergy is far from the way of God, far from scientific knowledge. And this is only one Hadeeth that I am going to explain about which internet and books are full of explanations and different excuses to explain this since 1500 years till now, but there is no satisfactory answer. Keep in mind that this is only a Hadeeth which has been written after 200 years of Prophets death and are not protected by God as Quran, even then I can dissect and explain it to you. Be patient and look when the time comes for the Holy books like Bible and Quran, and you will be surprised to see what miracles they contain. 

This hadith has two parts one is a dialogue between the prophet and his companion and second under quotation marks is the dialogue of fire with God. So in this Hadith let me dissect every single word for you. In first part when the prophet says to delay the prayer in hot weather and further relates that scorching weather with hellfire (Jahhanum) is totally understandable as we frequently use such type of language for extreme heat in a hot day when we say “It is hell outside.” But the miracle starts later in next part of the Hadeeth. As God has shown him many big signs of this universe, its operation and working as in last scripture chapter 53: 18  لَقَدْ رَأَىٰ مِنْ آيَاتِ رَبِّهِ الْكُبْرَىٰ   Verily He saw of the greatest signs of his Lord. So the miracle is when actual information starts which prophet has been given by God, there you can see that the word in Arabic is not (Jahannum) hellfire as translated by everyone but it is “Nar” which means fire. As I told you that All stars are the only source of fire, heat, and light and everything else is dark and cold. So look at the miracle that the word here is “Nar” and not Jahannum and the creation, i.e., fire requesting its creator that O Lord! My parts are eating (destroying) one another. What a big Miracle in these words what a great modern scientific fact that my parts are eating/destroying one another. As I told you that stars life is a continual competition between gravitational collapse inward and gas pressure radiating & pushing outward causing expansion. But let me now tell you something more strange. If any one component of this process of contraction by gravity Or expansion by pressure is missing the other will overcome and entirely eat or destroy the star. To make it easy for you to understand, consider our own star, the sun as an example. It has been burning for billions of years continuously because of the continuous process of this contraction and expansion in equal amounts. If say the contraction overcomes, the entire sun will be burn in few hours and cease to exist as a star giving us heat and light. 

Now let me dissect and examine the next part where God allows Fire two breaths one in summer and one in winter. It’s not your summer and winter season as is interpreted in Arabic as well as in translations but it means the hot and cold extremes of that particular thing, in this case, fire or all the stars of this universe. I have already told you that collapsing causes the star to heat up and expansion causes the star to cool down, and when one process is about to overtake God allows another breath. That is He has put such physical properties in that process that it starts expanding because of the gas pressure radiating & pushing outward. And when this expansion is about to overtake at lowest temperatures related to those extreme temperatures of gravitational collapse, and it’s almost that the star matter would go out of its gravity and turns into a cloud of gas and dust and cease to exist as fire as a star. This is when God allows another breath, i.e., He has put such physical properties in that process that it starts collapsing again.

Now comes the most technical and wrongly interpreted part  فَهُوَ أَشَدُّ مَا تَجِدُونَ مِنَ الْحَرِّ، وَأَشَدُّ مَا تَجِدُونَ مِنَ الزَّمْهَرِيرِ “ which is interpreted in Arabic as well as translated in other languages as, “The breath in the summer is at the time when you feel the severest heat and the breath in the winter is at the time when you feel the severest cold.” Now let me tell you that there is a whole lot of extra words here which are not there in Arabic Hadeeth. The exact translation of Arabic words is like this “It is severe/more when you find severe heat and severe/more when you find cold.” The words “The breath in the summer/winter is at the time” are extra words and not part of the Hadeeth. Now the word “Tajiduna” تَجِدُونَ  is the 2nd person masculine plural imperfect verb and its exact meaning is not “you feel” as interpreted in the Hadeeth but actual meanings are “you find/discover/perceive/become sensible of it. Addressing to we humans in general and esp of this age of modern science. Muslims used it’s meaning as “you feel” because thats seemed to them more logical in connection with the summer and winter seasons. In short after all this understanding of science, this miracle and changing the translation as per actual Arabic words look what difference it makes.

So God allowed it to take two breaths, one in the winter i.e. its least temperature phase and the other in the summer its extreme temperature phase. It is at its peak when you find severe cold and at its peak when you find severe heat. And this is what actually happening inside fire that is stars that we find/discovered in this modern age. That is this breath is at its full power and comes in action when star either reaches at the peak of gravitational collapse or at its peak expansion. And thus releases it from that phase domination thus help it keep on living as active fire active star and saves its parts to kill, destroy and overcome each other.

In broader interpretation, Jahanum or hell fire in hereafter might also be working on the same principle.

Recitation of the Holy Scripture.

So remember the name of your Lord and devote yourself to Him with complete devotion. He is the Lord of the East and the West; there is no deity except Him, so take Him as Disposer of your affairs. On the Day the earth and the mountains will convulse and the mountains will become a heap of sand pouring down. Then how can you fear, if you disbelieve, a Day that will make the children white-haired. The sky will be cleft asunder? His Promise needs must be accomplished. Indeed, this is a reminder, so whoever wills may take to his Lord a way.